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- Pridružio: 05 Jan 2008
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- Gde živiš: Montmartre Quarter :)
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Kada ponavljamo nešto što je neko kazao, možemo doslovno da navedemo njegove reči:
He said: "I like it."
She asked: " Is it ready?"
john said:" Bring me my coat, please."
Ovakav način ponavljanja tuđih reči naziva se upravni ili direktni govor.
Međutim, ako ne navodimo doslovno ono što je neko rekao, već to ponavljamo svojim rečima mi pri tom činimo izvesne izmene. Ovakav način ponavljanja tuđih reči naziva se neupravni ili indirektni govor.
STATEMENTS
Većina ovih izmena su uslovljene logikom situacije i sreću se i u drugim jezicima.
Zbog promene lica koje govori i vremena na koje se radnja odnosi, nastaju sledeće promene:
I  he/she
you he/she/I
we they
you ( množina) they/we
here there
this/these that/those
yesterday the day before/the previous day
tomorrow the next day/the following day
next week the next week/the following week
today that day (ili se izostavlja)
tonight that evening/that night
ago before (ili se izostavlja)
(-days ago) (-days vefore)
Prema pravilima o slaganju vremena u indirektnom govoru nastaju sledeće gramatičke promene:
The present tense the past tense
am was
is was
are were
The present progressive the past progressive
am coming was coming
is doing was doing
are cleaning were cleaning
The present perfect simple tense the past perfect simple tense
have worked had worked
has written had written
the present perfect progressive tense the past perfect progressive tense
have been reading had been reading
has been writing had been writing
The past tense the past perfect simple tense
played had played
drove had driven
The past progressive tense the past perfect progressive tense
was sleeping had been sleeping
were talking had been talking
the past perfect simple tense se ne menja!
the past perfect progressive tense might, should, ought to
the future tense the future-in-the past
will + infinitive would + infinitive
the future progressive tense would + be + verb + ing
will be travelling would be travelling
modal verbs
can could
may might
would / could/ might/ should/ought to se ne menja!
Kada je glagol kojim počinje rečenica u indirektnom govoru u prošlom vremenu u sledećoj rečenici ili rečenicama, menjaju se prema pravilima o slaganju vremena u engleskom a rečenice se mogu spojiti veznikom that.
"My brother is coming today."
She said /that/ her brother was coming /that day/. Kazala je da njen brat dolazi tog dana.
"I willll never believe such a thing".
He said that he would never believe such a thing. Rekao je da nikada
neće poverovati u tako nešto
" I was working all afternoon yesterday"
He said that he had been workig all afternoon the day before.
Primedba:
Međutim ako je predmet ili lice u kom se govori u indirektnom govoru pred nama ili smo na mestu na koje se u indirektnom govoru cilja onda se this, here, no, itd ne menja u that, there, then, itd.
Tom said :"This is my book".
Tom said that this/ i. e. the book before us/ was his book.
He said:"The custom is now obsolete".
He said that the custom was now obsolete.
She said:"People can't expect wonders here". /i.e. in this town.
She said that people couldn't expect wonders here.
Kada je glagol kojim se počinje rečenica u indirektnom govoru u prezentu, sadašnjem perfektu, ili futuru vremena u sledećoj rečenici ili rečenicama ne menjaju se.
Tom says:"I'm wrong"
Tom says that he is wrong.
Tom has just told me: "I'm worng".
Tom has just told me that he is wrong.
Tom will tell you:"I'm wrong".
Tom will tell you that he is wrong.
Isto tako ako se u indirektnom govoru izražavaju prirodni zakoni, opšte poznate istine i činjenice ili navike i uobičajene radnje, glagoli mogu ostati u prezentu.
Little Tom said: "The earth is round"
Little Tom said that the earth is round.
QUESTIONS
Ako se indirektnim govorom saopštava tuđe pitanje, onda se umesto glagola koji izražava prost iskaz mora upotrebiti glagol koji izražava pitanje, tj. umesto glagola say ili tell upotrebljavaju se glagoli ask,inquire,wonder ili want to know.
Upitne rečenice u kojima u direktnom govoru nema nikakve upitne reči u indirektnom vezuju se za glavnu rečenicu veznicima if (sa li) ili whether[i].
"Are you staying in this hotel?"
Tom asked me if/whether I was staying in that hotel.
"Has the chief signed the letter?"
Tom wondered whether the chief had signed the letters.
"Will you come to the lecture?"
He asked whether you would come to the lecture.
Primedba:
a) Red reči u indirektnim pitanjima isti je kao u potvrdnoj rečenici, tj. nema inverzije kao u direktnom pitanju.
b) U pitanjima koja počinju nekom upitnom reči- [i]who, when,which,why, what, how,itd.- ova reč spaja rečenicu kojom počinje indirektni govor sa sledećom.
John said to me:"Why don't you go home?"
John asked me why I didn't go home.
He said to the man:"Where are you going?"
He inquired of the man where he was going.
I said:"Who is going with you?"
I asked who was going with him.
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COMMANDS
Zapovedni način upotrebljen u direktnom govoru zamenjuje se infinitivom sa to. Pri tom u glavnoj rečenici najčešće se upotrebljavaju glagoli: to tell, to ask, to want, to order, to command
"Shut the door, please."
He asked me to shut the door.
"Don't shout."
She ordered us not to shout.
"Be here in time."
I was told to be there in time.
SAY-TELL
Primedba:
Say
glagol to say upotrebljava se kad navodimo tuđe reči.
He said:"I don't think so."
My mother said:" Bring the soup in, will you?"
She said: " Be careful!"
Glagol say nikada se ne upotrebljava sa imperativom u indirektnom govoru. Umesto njega moramo upotrebiti : tel, want to, ask, order, itd.
He said:"Sit down, please."
I was told to sit down.
She said:"Give me the pencil."
She wanted me to give her the pencil.
He said:"Bring it here."
He ordered me to take it there.
Tell
Glagol tell nikada se ne upotrebljava kada se navode tuđe reči. Zahteva objekat koji mora biti lice.
He said:"I'll come soone."
He told me that he would come soon.
They said:"He has just gone."
they told us that he had just gone.
He said to them:"I can help you, if you like."
He told them that he could help them if they liked.
Vežbanja
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/reported.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech
http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.report.p.htm
Izvor: Gramatika engleskog jezika sa vežbanjima-Ljubica Popović i Vera Mirić
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