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- Jasmina
- Undiscovered Soul
- Pridružio: 16 Apr 2005
- Poruke: 2908
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Najveci do sada smrtni ishod Marburske hemoragicne groznice- odneo je 156 zivota, od 181 obolelog, sto znaci da je smrtnost od ovog oboljenja 86%. Da stvar bude komplikovanija, pogodjene su sada urbane sredine u Angoli, tako da Evropska komisija za nadzor i kontrolu zaraznih bolesti pocinje da prati intenzivno razvoj dogadjaja u vezi s ovom visoko smrtonosnom infektivnom bolesti.Bolest se prenosi sa coveka na coveka, kontaktom putem telesnih izlucevina, krvi, ili pljuvacke i urina i veoma je zarazna.
Interesantno je to da je jos 1967. godine bilo proboja ovog virusa i to bas na podrucju bivse Jugoslavie. Nemacka je takodje bila pod udarom, i to zahvaljujuci proboju virusa iz laboratorija u kojima su se vrsili experimenti na majmunima.
Vakcina do dan danas nije pronadjena, tako da je pojacan nadzor nad svim putnicima koji se vracaju ili dolaze iz Angole, jer simptomi pocinju tek nakon 3 do 9 dana od zaraze.
Jos je zanimljivo to da na samom pocetku bolesti, oboleli izgleda kao da je oboleo od malarije ili tifusa, sto dodatno otezava brzu reakciju i karantin.
Dalje mozete da procitate ovde-->
Largest ever Marburg haemorrhagic fever outbreak, Angola
Jo Lawrence1 (joanne.lawrence@hpa.org.uk) and David R Hill2
1Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
2National Travel Health Network and Centre, London, United Kingdom
Since October 2004, an outbreak of Marburg haemorrhagic fever has been occurring in Angola, southwest Africa. As of 6 April 2005, 181 cases including 156 deaths (case fatality rate 86%) have been reported by the Ministry of Health in Angola [1]. This is the largest recorded outbreak of the disease to date and the first to occur in an urban setting. Cases and deaths have been reported from five northern provinces in Angola (Uige, Luanda, Cabinda, Malange, and Kuanza Norte) although all cases have so far originated in Uige province. While children under the age of 5 years initially accounted for around 75% of cases, recent cases have included an increasing number of zabranjenos. The World Health Organization (WHO) is expressing concern about the further evolution of the outbreak.
WHO and its partners, who include the European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), are using the Global Outbreak and Response Network (GOARN) [2] to support the Ministry of Health in Angola in strengthening infection control in hospitals, intensifying case finding and contact tracing activities, and improving public understanding of the disease and its transmission.
Marburg virus disease is an acute febrile illness accompanied by severe haemorrhagic manifestations. It is transmitted person-to-person typically via contact with blood and body fluids (e.g. saliva and urine) of an infected person, especially by family members and healthcare workers. The disease has an incubation period of three to nine days. In the earliest stage of infection, symptoms of fever, chills and headache are non-specific and may be easily confused with more common diseases such as malaria and typhoid. Severe watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting are early symptoms, as are severe chest and lung pains, sore throat, and cough. A macular-papular rash may also be seen. After five to seven days a high proportion of cases will progress to severe haemorrhagic manifestations, most frequently affecting the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs, and multi-organ failure. Fatal cases in the current outbreak have primarily occurred after three to seven days of illness.
Marburg virus was first discovered in 1967 after simultaneous laboratory outbreaks occurred in Germany and Yugoslavia involving monkeys imported from Uganda [3]. Since then, there have been a few isolated cases reported in east, central, and southern Africa [4]. Previous to this current outbreak, the largest documented outbreak of Marburg haemorrhagic fever occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo [5] from 1998 to 2000 and involved 149 cases and 123 deaths (CFR 82%) [6]. Previous outbreaks have usually begun in rural areas, but the natural reservoir for both Marburg and Ebola viruses is unknown. Experiments to find the natural reservoir of filoviruses have been conducted on over 3000 vertebrates and 30 000 arthropods, but have so far proved negative [7]. There is no vaccine or specific treatment for Marburg as yet, although research into possible vaccine candidates is being undertaken [8].
The risk of infection to international travellers to Angola is thought to be low [9,10], but travellers should be aware of the possible risk of infection if they come into close contact with infected cases. Travellers should practice careful handwashing, avoid contact with potentially infected patients, and avoid contact with all dead or ill animals. Travellers who have had possible exposure should seek medical attention immediately if they experience any of the above symptoms within the first 10 days of return to their home countries, and health professionals should take a full travel history from anyone with suspicious symptoms. Imported European cases of Marburg virus are extremely rare.
WHO has reported that two travellers returning to Portugal from Angola were investigated for possible Marburg virus infection and laboratory results were negative in tests performed by the Bernard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany, a WHO Reference Laboratory [11].
Further information on Marburg virus is available from the WHO website at http://www.who.int/csr/disease/marburg/factsheet/en/.
Izvor- http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2005/050407.asp#1
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